What are the key features and properties of stainless steel 904L furnace tubes?
Stainless Steel 904L Furnace Tubes possess several key features and properties that make them highly suitable for various furnace applications. These tubes exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, especially in aggressive environments such as acidic and chloride-containing solutions. This corrosion resistance is attributed to the high levels of chromium, nickel, and molybdenum in the composition of stainless steel 904L.
These tubes offer exceptional strength and toughness, enabling them to withstand high temperatures, thermal cycling, and mechanical stresses commonly encountered in furnace operations. Moreover, stainless steel 904L furnace tubes demonstrate good weldability, allowing easy fabrication and installation. Additionally, they have low carbon content, which enhances their resistance to sensitization and subsequent intergranular corrosion. Combining these features and properties makes stainless steel 904L furnace tubes a preferred choice for demanding furnace applications requiring superior corrosion resistance, durability, and performance.
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What are the main advantages of using stainless steel 904L furnace tubes in high-temperature environments?
Using Stainless Steel 904L Furnace Tubes in high-temperature environments offers several significant advantages. Stainless steel 904L exhibits excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. That enables the tubes to maintain structural integrity and mechanical properties even when exposed to elevated temperatures, ensuring reliable performance over extended periods. The high nickel and chromium content in stainless steel 904L provides exceptional resistance to corrosion and pitting, even in harsh and corrosive atmospheres encountered in high-temperature applications. This corrosion resistance is crucial for preserving the longevity and reliability of furnace tubes, as it minimizes the risk of material degradation and failure.
Additionally, stainless steel 904L's low carbon content enhances its resistance to sensitization and subsequent intergranular corrosion, a critical consideration in high-temperature environments. Furthermore, the weldability of Stainless Steel 904L facilitates easy fabrication and installation of furnace tubes, allowing for efficient assembly and maintenance processes. The main advantages of using stainless steel 904L furnace tubes in high-temperature environments are their excellent high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability, ensuring reliable performance and extended service life in demanding furnace applications.
Specifications | ASTM, ASME, AISI |
Outer Diameters | 6mm – 300 mm OD |
Thickness | 1.0mm to 40mm |
Length | 5.8m, 6, Custom Lengths |
Finish | Annealed & Pickled, Bright Annealing, Polished |
Test Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 |
Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | ||
BS | En | No | Name | ||||
904L | N08904 | 904S13 | X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 | 1.4539 | – | – | SUS 890L |
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Selection of Materials
The materials used to make furnace tubes are typically resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. Stainless steel, alloy steel, and nickel-based alloys are common materials.
Tube Formation
The creation of the tubes is the first step in the procedure. This can be accomplished using a variety of techniques, including cold drawing, welded tube manufacture, and seamless tube extrusion. Due to their homogeneity and lack of seams that could compromise the structure, seamless tubes are frequently used for high-temperature applications.
Heating and Annealing
The tubes are subsequently put through heat-treating procedures, such as annealing. In order to reduce internal tensions, increase ductility, and improve the material's general qualities, annealing entails heating the tubes to a certain temperature and then gradually cooling them.
Cutting and Sizing
The tubes are sized and cut to the required lengths in accordance with the application's requirements. In order to ensure a perfect fit inside the furnace or heat exchanger, precise cutting and sizing are essential.
Surface Treatment
Depending on the application, the tubes may also go through passivation or pickling as additional surface treatments. By removing oxides, scale, and other contaminants from the surface, these processes increase corrosion resistance.
Quality Control
Quality control procedures are used all through the manufacturing process to guarantee that the tubes meet the necessary requirements. This entails a variety of tests, including visual inspections, non-destructive testing techniques like ultrasonic or radiographic testing, and dimensional checks.
Final Heat Treatment (Optional)
To achieve the appropriate mechanical and metallurgical qualities, the tubes may go through a final heat treatment procedure, such as stress relieving or solution annealing, depending on the material and desired properties.
Finishing
The tubes might undergo further finishing processes such as polishing, buffing, or coating to meet specific application requirements or aesthetic preferences.
Element | Min | Max |
C | - | 0.2 |
Mn | - | 2 |
Ni | 23 | 28 |
Cr | 19 | 23 |
S | - | 0.3 |
Mo | 4 | 5 |
N | - | 0.1 |
Cu | 1 | 2 |
P | - | 0.03 |
Si | - | 0.7 |
Temper | Annealed | |
Elongation (2” or 4D gl) | 35 | % (min) |
Tensile Rm | 490 | MPa (min) |
Tensile Rm | 71 | ksi (min) |
R.p. 0.2% Yield | 220 | MPa (min) |
R.p. 0.2% Yield | 32 | ksi (min) |
Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing | Hydrostatic Test |
Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis | Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) Test |
Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile, Elongation, Reduction of Area | Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSC), NACE TM 0177 |
Micro Test | Radiography Test |
Macro Test | Dye Penetrant Test (DP Test) |
Hardness Test | Ultra Sonic Test (UT) |
Pitting Resistance Test | Eddy Current Testing |
Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test | Impact Test |
Flaring Test | Bend Test |
Flattening Test |
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Certificate of Origin | Raw Material Test Reports |
Commercial Invoice | Heat Treatment Charts |
Packing List | Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) |
Fumigation Certificates | NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports |
Letter of Guarantee | Material Test Certificates |
ROHS Certificate | Certificate of Compliance/Conformity |
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