What is Stainless Steel 304/304L Furnace Tube, and what are its key properties?
Stainless Steel 304/304L Furnace Tube is a type of tubing specifically designed for high-temperature furnace applications. It is made from a grade of stainless steel known as 304 or 304L, widely recognized for its excellent corrosion resistance, durability, and high-temperature strength. The key properties of this furnace tube include its ability to withstand extreme temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C), its resistance to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures, and its remarkable mechanical properties even in challenging environments.
Additionally, Stainless Steel 304/304L Furnace Tube offers good weldability, making fabricating and installing in various furnace systems easier. Its combination of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength makes it a preferred choice for applications that involve exposure to high temperatures, such as heat treatment processes, annealing operations, and industrial furnaces.
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How does Stainless Steel 304/304L Furnace Tube compare to other materials commonly used in furnace applications?
Compared to other materials commonly used in furnace applications, Stainless Steel 304 Furnace Tube offers distinct advantages. Firstly, it exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation, ensuring its durability and longevity in high-temperature environments. Additionally, Stainless Steel 304 demonstrates superior strength and mechanical properties, allowing it to withstand the stresses and strains experienced in furnace operations.
Stainless Steel 304L also offers excellent strength and toughness, enabling it to withstand the rigorous conditions of furnace operations without compromising its structural integrity. Furthermore, its low carbon content enhances its resistance to sensitization and intergranular corrosion, further contributing to its reliability and longevity. The combination of corrosion resistance, strength, and low carbon content makes Stainless Steel 304L a favourable choice for furnace applications, ensuring optimal performance and durability.
What are the typical application of Stainless Steel 304/304L Furnace Tubes?
Stainless Steel 304/304L Furnace Tube finds application in various industrial settings due to its exceptional properties. One typical application is heat treatment processes, where the tube conveys heated gases or liquids in furnaces. It is also commonly employed in annealing operations, where controlled heating and cooling processes are crucial for achieving desired material properties.
Specifications | ASTM, ASME, AISI |
Outer Diameters | 6mm – 300 mm OD |
Thickness | 1.0mm to 40mm |
Length | 5.8m, 6, Custom Lengths |
Finish | Annealed & Pickled, Bright Annealing, Polished |
Test Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 |
STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
SS 304 | 1.4301 | S30400 | SUS 304 | 304S31 | 08Х18Н10 | Z7CN18‐09 | X5CrNi18-10 |
SS 304L | 1.4306 / 1.4307 | S30403 | SUS 304L | 3304S11 | 03Х18Н11 | Z3CN18‐10 | X2CrNi18-9 / X2CrNi19-11 |
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Selection of Materials
The materials used to make furnace tubes are typically resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. Stainless steel, alloy steel, and nickel-based alloys are common materials.
Tube Formation
The creation of the tubes is the first step in the procedure. This can be accomplished using a variety of techniques, including cold drawing, welded tube manufacture, and seamless tube extrusion. Due to their homogeneity and lack of seams that could compromise the structure, seamless tubes are frequently used for high-temperature applications.
Heating and Annealing
The tubes are subsequently put through heat-treating procedures, such as annealing. In order to reduce internal tensions, increase ductility, and improve the material's general qualities, annealing entails heating the tubes to a certain temperature and then gradually cooling them.
Cutting and Sizing
The tubes are sized and cut to the required lengths in accordance with the application's requirements. In order to ensure a perfect fit inside the furnace or heat exchanger, precise cutting and sizing are essential.
Surface Treatment
Depending on the application, the tubes may also go through passivation or pickling as additional surface treatments. By removing oxides, scale, and other contaminants from the surface, these processes increase corrosion resistance.
Quality Control
Quality control procedures are used all through the manufacturing process to guarantee that the tubes meet the necessary requirements. This entails a variety of tests, including visual inspections, non-destructive testing techniques like ultrasonic or radiographic testing, and dimensional checks.
Final Heat Treatment (Optional)
To achieve the appropriate mechanical and metallurgical qualities, the tubes may go through a final heat treatment procedure, such as stress relieving or solution annealing, depending on the material and desired properties.
Finishing
The tubes might undergo further finishing processes such as polishing, buffing, or coating to meet specific application requirements or aesthetic preferences.
Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
SS 304 | 0.08 max | 2 max | 0.75 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 18 – 20 | – | 8 – 11 | – |
SS 304L | 0.035 max | 2 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 18 – 20 | – | 8 – 13 | – |
Grades | Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
SS 304 | 8.0 g/cm3 | 1400 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
SS 304L | 8.0 g/cm3 | 1400 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing | Hydrostatic Test |
Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis | Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) Test |
Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile, Elongation, Reduction of Area | Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSC), NACE TM 0177 |
Micro Test | Radiography Test |
Macro Test | Dye Penetrant Test (DP Test) |
Hardness Test | Ultra Sonic Test (UT) |
Pitting Resistance Test | Eddy Current Testing |
Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test | Impact Test |
Flaring Test | Bend Test |
Flattening Test |
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Certificate of Origin | Raw Material Test Reports |
Commercial Invoice | Heat Treatment Charts |
Packing List | Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) |
Fumigation Certificates | NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports |
Letter of Guarantee | Material Test Certificates |
ROHS Certificate | Certificate of Compliance/Conformity |
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