What is the composition of stainless steel 446
furnace tubes?
Stainless Steel 446 Furnace
Tubes primarily comprise iron, chromium, and small amounts of other
elements. The main alloying element in stainless steel 446 is chromium, which typically
constitutes around 23-30% of the composition. This high chromium content gives the material
excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion, particularly in high-temperature
environments. Additionally, stainless steel 446 contains small additions of elements such as
manganese, silicon, and carbon, contributing to its strength, formability, and stability at
elevated temperatures. The carbon content is maintained low to prevent sensitization and
intergranular corrosion. The precise composition of stainless steel 446 furnace tubes is
designed to ensure optimal performance and durability in demanding furnace applications.
Table Of Content
Stainless Steel 446 Furnace Tube, SS 446 Furnace Tube, 446 Stainless Steel Furnace Tube, SS 446 Furnace Tubes, Stainless Steel 446 Furnace Tubes, SS 446 Furnace Tubing, Stainless Steel 446 Furnace Tubes Supplier In Mumbai, India.
How does stainless steel 446 compare to other stainless steel alloys for furnace tube
applications?
Compared to other stainless steel alloys used in furnace tube applications, Stainless
Steel 446 offers several notable advantages. One key advantage is its exceptional
resistance to high-temperature oxidation. Stainless steel 446 has a high chromium content,
which forms a protective oxide layer on the surface when exposed to elevated temperatures.
This oxide layer acts as a barrier, preventing further oxidation and corrosion, thereby
ensuring the longevity and reliability of the furnace tubes.
Stainless steel 446 exhibits excellent resistance to scaling and sulfidation, making it well-suited for applications involving combustion gases and atmospheres with sulfur-containing compounds. Its resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking is also commendable, making it a suitable choice for furnace environments with chlorides.
Stainless steel 446 offers good mechanical properties at high temperatures, including high creep and rupture strength. That makes it a reliable choice for furnace tubes that experience prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures.
Compared to other stainless steel alloys, Stainless Steel 446 may have slightly lower corrosion resistance in certain aggressive environments or against specific corrosive agents. Its combination of high-temperature oxidation resistance, scaling resistance, and mechanical strength makes it a popular choice for furnace tube applications, particularly in industries such as petrochemical, power generation, and heat treatment, where reliable performance in challenging thermal environments is crucial.
| Specifications | ASTM, ASME, AISI |
| Outer Diameters | 6mm – 300 mm OD |
| Thickness | 1.0mm to 40mm |
| Length | 5.8m, 6, Custom Lengths |
| Finish | Annealed & Pickled, Bright Annealing, Polished |
| Test Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 |
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Check Stainless Steel 446 Other Pipes Tubes Types In Detail
| Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | ||
| BS | En | No | Name | ||||
| 446 | S44600 | – | – | 1.4762 / 1.4763 | – | – | – |
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Selection of Materials
The materials used to make furnace tubes are typically resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. Stainless steel, alloy steel, and nickel-based alloys are common materials.
Tube Formation
The creation of the tubes is the first step in the procedure. This can be accomplished using a variety of techniques, including cold drawing, welded tube manufacture, and seamless tube extrusion. Due to their homogeneity and lack of seams that could compromise the structure, seamless tubes are frequently used for high-temperature applications.
Heating and Annealing
The tubes are subsequently put through heat-treating procedures, such as annealing. In order to reduce internal tensions, increase ductility, and improve the material's general qualities, annealing entails heating the tubes to a certain temperature and then gradually cooling them.
Cutting and Sizing
The tubes are sized and cut to the required lengths in accordance with the application's requirements. In order to ensure a perfect fit inside the furnace or heat exchanger, precise cutting and sizing are essential.
Surface Treatment
Depending on the application, the tubes may also go through passivation or pickling as additional surface treatments. By removing oxides, scale, and other contaminants from the surface, these processes increase corrosion resistance.
Quality Control
Quality control procedures are used all through the manufacturing process to guarantee that the tubes meet the necessary requirements. This entails a variety of tests, including visual inspections, non-destructive testing techniques like ultrasonic or radiographic testing, and dimensional checks.
Final Heat Treatment (Optional)
To achieve the appropriate mechanical and metallurgical qualities, the tubes may go through a final heat treatment procedure, such as stress relieving or solution annealing, depending on the material and desired properties.
Finishing
The tubes might undergo further finishing processes such as polishing, buffing, or coating to meet specific application requirements or aesthetic preferences.
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| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
| 446 | min. | – | – | – | – | – | 23.0 | – | – | 0.10 |
| max. | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.75 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 30.0 | – | 0.50 | 0.25 | |
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) min | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Elongation (% in 50mm) min | Hardness | |
| Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
| 446 | 485 | 275 | 20 | 92 | 201 |
| Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing | Hydrostatic Test |
| Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis | Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) Test |
| Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile, Elongation, Reduction of Area | Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSC), NACE TM 0177 |
| Micro Test | Radiography Test |
| Macro Test | Dye Penetrant Test (DP Test) |
| Hardness Test | Ultra Sonic Test (UT) |
| Pitting Resistance Test | Eddy Current Testing |
| Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test | Impact Test |
| Flaring Test | Bend Test |
| Flattening Test |
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