What are the typical applications of stainless steel 316/316L furnace tubes?
Stainless Steel 316/316L Furnace Tubes find a wide range of applications across various industries due to their exceptional properties and durability. One typical application is in the petrochemical industry, where these tubes are used for processing and refining high-temperature fluids and gases. They are also commonly employed in the power generation sector, specifically in boilers and heat exchangers, where they provide excellent resistance to corrosion and high-temperature environments.
Another significant application is in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, where the tubes are utilized to transport and contain aggressive chemicals and solvents. Additionally, stainless steel 316/316L furnace tubes are employed in the food and beverage industry, particularly in heat exchangers and pasteurization equipment, thanks to their hygienic and corrosion-resistant properties. Their versatility extends to industries such as oil and gas, pulp and paper, and wastewater treatment, where they are utilized in various heating and cooling processes.
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What are the key properties and characteristics of stainless steel 316/316L furnace tubes?
Stainless Steel 316 Furnace Tubes possess a range of key properties and characteristics that make them highly desirable for numerous applications. Firstly, they exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, making them highly resistant to oxidizing and reducing environments. This resistance is attributed to molybdenum, which enhances the material's ability to withstand corrosion caused by chlorides, acids, and other aggressive substances. Additionally, stainless steel 316 furnace tubes offer superior high-temperature strength, allowing them to maintain their structural integrity and mechanical properties even under elevated temperatures.
Stainless Steel 316L Furnace Tubes exhibit excellent weldability and formability, allowing for easy fabrication and installation in various applications. They also maintain high-temperature strength, ensuring their structural integrity and performance under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, stainless steel 316L furnace tubes possess good toughness and impact resistance, providing durability and reliability in demanding operating environments. Their versatility extends to industries such as petrochemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and power generation, where their combination of corrosion resistance, weldability, and mechanical properties makes them a preferred choice for furnace tube applications.
Specifications | ASTM, ASME, AISI |
Outer Diameters | 6mm – 300 mm OD |
Thickness | 1.0mm to 40mm |
Length | 5.8m, 6, Custom Lengths |
Finish | Annealed & Pickled, Bright Annealing, Polished |
Test Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 |
STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
SS 316 | 1.4401 / 1.4436 | S31600 | SUS 316 | 316S31 / 316S33 | – | Z7CND17‐11‐02 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3 |
SS 316L | 1.4404 / 1.4435 | S31603 | SUS 316L | 316S11 / 316S13 | 03Ch17N14M3 / 03Ch17N14M2 | Z3CND17‐11‐02 / Z3CND18‐14‐03 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / X2CrNiMo18-14-3 |
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Selection of Materials
The materials used to make furnace tubes are typically resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. Stainless steel, alloy steel, and nickel-based alloys are common materials.
Tube Formation
The creation of the tubes is the first step in the procedure. This can be accomplished using a variety of techniques, including cold drawing, welded tube manufacture, and seamless tube extrusion. Due to their homogeneity and lack of seams that could compromise the structure, seamless tubes are frequently used for high-temperature applications.
Heating and Annealing
The tubes are subsequently put through heat-treating procedures, such as annealing. In order to reduce internal tensions, increase ductility, and improve the material's general qualities, annealing entails heating the tubes to a certain temperature and then gradually cooling them.
Cutting and Sizing
The tubes are sized and cut to the required lengths in accordance with the application's requirements. In order to ensure a perfect fit inside the furnace or heat exchanger, precise cutting and sizing are essential.
Surface Treatment
Depending on the application, the tubes may also go through passivation or pickling as additional surface treatments. By removing oxides, scale, and other contaminants from the surface, these processes increase corrosion resistance.
Quality Control
Quality control procedures are used all through the manufacturing process to guarantee that the tubes meet the necessary requirements. This entails a variety of tests, including visual inspections, non-destructive testing techniques like ultrasonic or radiographic testing, and dimensional checks.
Final Heat Treatment (Optional)
To achieve the appropriate mechanical and metallurgical qualities, the tubes may go through a final heat treatment procedure, such as stress relieving or solution annealing, depending on the material and desired properties.
Finishing
The tubes might undergo further finishing processes such as polishing, buffing, or coating to meet specific application requirements or aesthetic preferences.
Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Fe |
SS 316 | 0.08 max | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 16.00 – 18.00 | 2.00 – 3.00 | 11.00 – 14.00 | 67.845 min |
SS 316L | 0.035 max | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 16.00 – 18.00 | 2.00 – 3.00 | 10.00 – 14.00 | 68.89 min |
Grade | Density | Melting Point | Tensilee Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
SS 316 | 8.0 g/cm3 | 1400 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
SS 316L | 8.0 g/cm3 | 1399 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing | Hydrostatic Test |
Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis | Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) Test |
Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile, Elongation, Reduction of Area | Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSC), NACE TM 0177 |
Micro Test | Radiography Test |
Macro Test | Dye Penetrant Test (DP Test) |
Hardness Test | Ultra Sonic Test (UT) |
Pitting Resistance Test | Eddy Current Testing |
Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test | Impact Test |
Flaring Test | Bend Test |
Flattening Test |
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Certificate of Origin | Raw Material Test Reports |
Commercial Invoice | Heat Treatment Charts |
Packing List | Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) |
Fumigation Certificates | NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports |
Letter of Guarantee | Material Test Certificates |
ROHS Certificate | Certificate of Compliance/Conformity |
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