Low Temperature Carbon Steel Pipes

What is low-temperature carbon steel, and what are its key properties?

Low-temperature Carbon Steel is a type of carbon steel specifically designed to withstand low temperatures without losing its mechanical properties. It is commonly used in applications where the operating temperatures can reach extremely low levels, such as cryogenic storage, liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing, and cold environments.

One of the key properties of low-temperature carbon steel is its ability to maintain good toughness and flexibility even at sub-zero temperatures. That is crucial because traditional carbon steels tend to become brittle and prone to fracture under such conditions. Low-temperature carbon steel is formulated with a lower carbon content, typically around 0.20% or less, which helps improve its resistance to brittle fracture.

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Another important property is the high-impact strength of low-temperature carbon steel. It can withstand sudden loads and shocks without significant deformation or failure. This property is particularly vital in applications where the pipes may encounter heavy impacts or dynamic forces, such as in offshore oil and gas platforms or transportation of cryogenic fluids.

How do low-temperature carbon steel pipes differ from regular carbon steel pipes?

Low-temperature carbon steel pipes differ from regular ones primarily in their ability to withstand low temperatures without experiencing a brittle fracture. The main difference lies in the carbon content and alloying elements used in their composition.

Regular carbon steel pipes typically contain higher carbon content, ranging from 0.30% to 0.60%. This higher carbon content increases strength and hardness but makes the steel more susceptible to brittle fracture at low temperatures. In contrast, low-temperature carbon steel pipes are formulated with a lower carbon content, typically around 0.20% or less. That reduced carbon content helps improve the steel's resistance to brittle fracture, making it more suitable for low-temperature applications.

Low-temperature carbon steel pipes may contain alloying elements such as nickel, manganese, or silicon to enhance their low-temperature properties. These alloying elements improve the steel's toughness and impact resistance, allowing it to maintain its mechanical properties even in extremely cold environments.

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Rolling and welding

Firstly, the carbon steel strips are made to gone through various quality checks and are trimmed at edges. They are then fed to the tubes mill by carbon steel pipe manufacturers in India. The strips pass through the number of rollers as per the required size. In the tubes-mill, the strip is gradually converted into the tubular shape. The fitted welding machine is then used to weld trim edges of the strip using TIG welding process. The scraps and inside weld bead are removed instantaneously by the Tibo machine. In this way, rolled pipes and tubes are formed.

The cleaning and heating phase

The rolled High Pressure Seamless Pipes thus manufactured are cut to the required lengths depending upon the industrial demand. These stainless pipes and tubes are then subjected to cleaning to remove the dirt. Further, a heat treatment is given to these rolled pipes and tubes to remove the stresses that may occur due to welding and formation processes. Heat treatment is given on the continuously rolling hearth furnace. The furnace is fitted with temperature recorders and controllers. After the heat treatment process, the SS tubes and pipes are straightened and subjected to pickling for removing scales from the surface.

Cold- drawing process

In some cases, the required size may not be obtained from the mill directly. Then, the cold operation process can be used to obtain the desired size. In cold drawing process, the tubes or pipes are coated with oxalic and soap solution. This solution acts as a lubricant to reduce friction while cold drawing operation. In the cold drawing process, the tube or pipe is drawn over the bench using Die plugs.

Finishing process

The drawn-out tube or alloy pipe is then subjected to cleaning, heat treatment, pickling and straightening. The computerized ink jet marking machine is used to do the marking on the finished pipes or tubes. The pipe or tube is marked with grade of material, size, heat number and the stamp of third party inspection before passing on to carbon steel pipe exporters. The stainless tubes or pipes thus produced will undergo certain testing and quality checks. This process is followed by proper packing and dispatch. There are numerous numbers of carbon steel pipe applications, these pipes and tubes are used thereafter for.

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