Stainless Steel 321 Large Diameter Pipe

What are the typical applications for stainless steel 321 / 321H large-diameter pipes?

Stainless Steel 321 / 321H Large-Diameter Pipes find a wide range of applications across various industries due to their unique properties and capabilities. These pipes are commonly used in high-temperature environments where corrosion resistance and strength are crucial. One of the primary applications is in the petrochemical industry, where these pipes transport corrosive fluids and gases at elevated temperatures.

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They are also extensively utilized in power generation for conveying steam and other high-temperature fluids in power plants. Additionally, stainless steel 321 / 321H large-diameter pipes are widely employed in the chemical processing industry, oil and gas refineries, and aerospace industry due to their exceptional resistance to oxidation, high thermal stability, and excellent weldability. Other applications include heat exchangers, furnace components, boiler tubes, and various structural and mechanical systems where durability and reliability are paramount.

What are the advantages of using large-diameter stainless steel 321 / 321H pipes?

Large-diameter pipes made from stainless steel 321 offer several advantages that make them highly desirable in various applications. Stainless steel 321 provides excellent resistance to corrosion, particularly in high-temperature environments, making it suitable for industries such as petrochemicals, power generation, and chemical processing. Additionally, these pipes possess unique mechanical properties, including high strength and good formability, allowing for their use in demanding conditions. Stainless steel 321 is also known for its exceptional weldability, enabling easy fabrication and installation of large-diameter pipes.

Large-diameter pipes made from stainless steel 321H offer several advantages that make them highly beneficial in various industrial applications. One key advantage is the enhanced high-temperature strength and stability by adding higher carbon content in Stainless Steel 321H compared to 321. That makes 321H pipes particularly suitable for elevated temperatures and thermal cycling applications. Additionally, stainless steel 321H exhibits excellent resistance to sensitization and intergranular corrosion, making it ideal for applications where exposure to corrosive environments is a concern.

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Forming

According to the name, the plate is bent into a "U" and then a "O" in succession. The lowering of the die starts the process of forming in the U-ing press. The side rollers move the crimped plate in the direction of the die. The O-ing press is then used to mould the U-shaped plate into a slit pipe. Working at up to 60,000 tonnes of pressure, this is precision work.

Two lower rolls and one higher roll bend the plate to the appropriate radius during the three-roll bending procedure. Different top roll diameters are employed, depending on the steel grade and necessary pipe diameter. Afterward, the crimping machine rounds the created edges.

Tack welding of the slit pipe

The open edges of the slit pipe are tacking welded together in shielding gas prior to submerged-arc welding. Frames (roller cages) are used for this, which precisely position the edges and prevent misalignment. Additionally, the continuous tack weld keeps the weld pool in place for subsequent submerged arc welding.

Pipe identification

material tracking throughout the entire production process. For identification each pipe is marked with a pipe production number. Additionally a line, marking the centre of the pipe, is the reference for late non-destructive testing of the weld seam.

Inside and outside welding

Two passes are used to attach the longitudinal edges. At the pipe ends, run-on and run-off tabs are positioned to stabilise the electric arc at the start and end of the welding process.

Outside welding is done after the inside welding has been completed. The tack weld pass has fused entirely. Up to five welding wires can be positioned in a line behind one another during submerged-arc multi-wire welding. Welding wire and flux, amperage, voltage, welding speed, wire spacing, wire diameter, the angle of the wires in relation to one another and the weld groove, as well as flux height and width, all affect how consistently good a weld is. A welding data monitoring system enables online manufacturing process monitoring.

X-ray weld inspection / Filmless radiography

Each seam is first visually inspected from the inside out. In addition to X-ray and manual ultrasonic testing, our internal quality checks also involve ultrasonic inspection of the whole seam.

When compared to traditional film-based approaches, the use of automatic picture evaluation software and image processing capabilities considerably increases the reliability of inspection and detection. Any ultrasonic signals are automatically and precisely verified. We take pride in being the only manufacturer of large-diameter pipes to use digital technology for all radiography examinations. We streamline the inspection procedure, record the findings, and keep track of any deviations for later follow-up.

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